Sources

Every citation used on this site, with DOI and PubMed links.

Primary research citations

All numbered citations used across this site are listed below. Quantitative claims throughout the site map to citation numbers in brackets. Every citation includes a direct link to the primary source.

  1. Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514-526.
  2. Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529-544.
  3. Li W, Zhou Q, Cong Z, Yuan Q, Li W, Zhao F, Xu HE, Zhao LH, Yang D, Wang MW. Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide. Cell Discovery. 2024;10:77.
  4. Urva S, Coskun T, Loh MT, Du Y, Thomas MK, Gurbuz S, Haupt A, Benson CT, Hernandez-Illas M, D'Alessio DA, Milicevic Z. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1869-1881.
  5. Sanyal AJ, Kaplan LM, Frias JP, Brouwers B, Wu Q, Thomas MK, Harris C, Schloot NC, Du Y, Mather KJ, Haupt A, Hartman ML. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nature Medicine. 2024;30:2037-2048.
  6. Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, Dimitriadis K, Tsioufis K. Retatrutide — A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Biomolecules. 2025;15:796.
  7. Misra S, et al. Efficacy and safety of retatrutide for the treatment of obesity: a systematic review of clinical trials. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology. 2025;36(4):263-274.
  8. Kommu S, et al. The Effect of Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide, a Novel Medication for Weight Loss, on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024.
  9. Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Obesity (TRIUMPH-1). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2023.
  10. Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) Once Weekly in Participants With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (TRIUMPH-2). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2023.
  11. Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease (TRIUMPH-3). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2023.
  12. Bajaj HS, et al. Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in people with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with diet and exercise (TRANSCEND-T2D-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2026.
  13. Chan ZH, et al. Incretin-Based Dual and Triple Agonists in Overweight or Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiology in review. 2026.
  14. Moiz A, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Annals of internal medicine. 2025.